Understanding Migraines in Women: Hormonal Triggers and Managing Attacks
Lisa E. Meeker, NP-C
“Women are disproportionately affected by migraines, and one significant factor contributing to this is fluctuating hormones,” states Lisa E. Meeker, NP-C. Migraines impact approximately 22% of women in the United States, making them a major women’s health issue. Recognizing the unique ways migraines affect women is key to developing support systems and to help women feel heard, understood, and empowered.
The Hormonal Connection
“Hormonal changes, particularly fluctuations in estrogen, play a crucial role in triggering migraine attacks,” states Meeker. Estrogen levels vary throughout a woman’s life cycle, with notable changes occurring during menstruation, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Women who suffer from migraines deserve to use their voice and advocate for themselves. Understanding these patterns can help in managing and potentially reducing the frequency and severity of migraines.
Menstruation and Migraines
Many women experience an increase in migraine attacks just before or during their menstrual periods, a phenomenon known as menstrual migraines. These attacks are typically more severe and harder to treat than migraines occurring at other times of the month. The drop in estrogen levels right before menstruation is believed to be a primary trigger.
Managing menstrual migraines often involves tracking cycles and preemptive treatments like hormonal therapy or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). “Through a combination of medication, preventative plans, and lifestyle changes, menstrual migraines can be managed for women,” states Meeker.
Pregnancy and Migraines
“Pregnancy brings about significant hormonal changes that can affect migraine patterns,” states Meeker. For some women, migraines improve or even disappear during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters when estrogen levels are consistently high. However, for others, particularly in the first trimester, migraines can worsen due to rapid hormonal fluctuations and other pregnancy-related changes such as increased blood volume and stress.
When treating migraines during pregnancy, it’s crucial to balance effective relief with the safety of the developing baby. Many common migraine medications are not recommended during pregnancy. Instead, doctors often suggest lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, staying hydrated, and practicing stress-reduction techniques like yoga and meditation. “It is best to encourage women to prioritize their mental and physical well-being while pregnant so that symptoms like migraines can be better managed,” states Meeker.
Breastfeeding and Migraines
Breastfeeding can also influence migraine patterns, with some women experiencing relief from migraines during this period due to stable hormone levels. However, the demands of caring for a newborn, including sleep deprivation and stress, can trigger migraines. There are safe treatment options during breastfeeding so that new mothers can feel relief while ensuring their babies are healthy and safe.
Tips for Managing Migraines
“Every woman should feel supported when understanding their own body,” states Meeker. It is critical to help women navigate the complexities of migraines influenced by hormonal changes as healthcare professionals. Here are some recommended strategies to help reduce migraines:
1. Tracking and Predicting: Keeping a detailed migraine diary can help identify patterns and triggers related to hormonal changes. This information is invaluable in developing a personalized management plan.
2. Preventive Treatments: For women with predictable menstrual migraines, preventive treatments such as magnesium supplements, hormonal contraceptives, or NSAIDs can be effective.
3. Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, adequate hydration, and stress management techniques can significantly reduce migraine frequency and severity.
4. Safe Medication Use: Always consult your healthcare provider about safe medication options during menstruation, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.
Migraines are a complex and often debilitating condition that significantly interferes with daily life, especially for women navigating hormonal shifts. Education, advocacy, and support are essential tools to empower women to speak about their symptoms and understand their bodies. With the right support and guidance, women can take control of their migraines and improve their quality of life.
About Lisa E. Meeker, NP-C: Lisa Meeker is a dedicated Family Nurse Practitioner at Cheyenne OBGYN. Born and raised in Cheyenne, Wyoming, she graduated from the University of Wyoming with a Bachelor in Science in nursing and Master of Science in nursing degrees. Since 2012, Meeker has practiced medicine and has specialized in Women’s Health since 2014. She volunteers for multiple organizations, including the American Cancer Society, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Cheyenne Frontier Days, and various medical mission trips. She enjoys camping, fishing, baking, hunting, and spending time with her family. She has a passion for women’s health and believes in empowering women to advocate for their health concerns.